Buckling cases
Calculation of hydraulic cylinders

Mounting cylinder	Mounting piston rod
Mounting cylinder	Rod freely movable	Rod pivoted	Rod guided in bearing
Rigid on the head side, e.g. flange	x=0.25	x=2	x=4
Intermediate flange mounting	x=0.25	x=2	x=4
Rigid on the cap side, e.g. flange	x=0.25	x=2	x=4
Side lugs mounting	x=0.25	x=2	x=4
Pivoted mounting cap side, e.g. with spherical plain bearing		x=1	x=2
Trunnions mounting on the cylinder body		x=1	x=2
Trunnions mounting on the rod side		x=1	x=2