Single-rod cylinders are cylinders with a single-sided piston rod and thus have a large piston area for extending and an area reduced by the piston rod area for retraction.
The term single-rod cylinder is only really correct if the ratio of the working areas is 2:1. However, since this is often not the case, the term cylinder with a single-sided piston rod is more accurate.
By installing air filters, double-acting cylinders can be used as single-acting cylinders - for tension or compression.
Single-rod cylinder